Dopamine Receptor
Dopamine receptors are GPCRs through which dopamine regulates motor function, motivation, drive, cognition, and peripheral physiology[1][2]. Mechanistically, dopamine receptor signaling is organized into D1-like receptors (D1, D5) and D2-like receptors (D2S, D2L, D3, D4), enabling subtype-specific control of cAMP-mediated and non-canonical signaling[1][3]. In disease-oriented research, dopamine-glutamate-NMDA interactions and dopamine receptor ligands provide experimental frameworks for schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction models[1][3]. Compared with related isoforms, D1-D2 receptor heteromers form a pharmacologically distinct signaling complex coupled to Gq/11, requiring agonist binding to both receptors for G protein activation and intracellular calcium release[4]. This calcium pathway links D1-D2 receptor heteromer activation to CaMKIIα, BDNF production, and neuronal growth in striatal models[5]. Compared with D1, D5 shows high agonist affinity and constitutive activity shaped by carboxyl-terminal tail sequence and intracellular loop determinants[6][7]. Therefore, subtype-selective agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and heteromer-directed ligands remain practical tools for dissecting dopamine receptor pharmacology, signaling bias, and disease-relevant neurocircuit mechanisms[1][3][4].
References:
- [1]. Martel JC, et al. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 14;11:1003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Beaulieu JM, et al. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011 Mar;63(1):182-217. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Beaulieu JM, et al. Dopamine receptors - IUPHAR Review 13. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;172(1):1-23. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Rashid AJ, et al. D1-D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of Gq/11 in the striatum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 9;104(2):654-9. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Hasbi A, et al. Calcium signaling cascade links dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer to striatal BDNF production and neuronal growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 15;106(50):21377-82. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Demchyshyn LL, et al. Dopamine D5 receptor agonist high affinity and constitutive activity profile conferred by carboxyl-terminal tail sequence. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 4;275(31):23446-55. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Tumova K, et al. Role of the fourth intracellular loop of D1-like dopaminergic receptors in conferring subtype-specific signaling properties. FEBS Lett. 2004 Oct 22;576(3):461-7. [Content Brief]
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Dopamine Receptor Related Products (537)
Related Products (537)
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S3608
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Sonepiprazole mesylate
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A31472
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Org-10490
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Lensiprazine
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NMI 8739 (Standard)
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Haloperidol decanoate (Standard)
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Fluphenazine-d6 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-119980BSFluphenazine-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Fluphenazine (hydrochloride). Fluphenazine hydrochloride is a potent, orally active phenothiazine-based dopamine receptor antagonist. Fluphenazine hydrochloride blocks neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. Fluphenazine hydrochloride acts primarily through antagonism of postsynaptic dopamine-2 receptors in mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular neural pathways. Fluphenazine hydrochloride can antagonize Methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing and inhibit climbing behaviour in mice. Fluphenazine hydrochloride can be used for researching psychosis and painful peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes and has potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2.
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Savoxepin mesylate
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Olanzapine ketolactam
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UNC9994 hydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111385RCAS No.: 2108826-33-9UNC9994 hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of UNC9994 (hydrochloride) (HY-111385). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. UNC9994 hydrochloride is a functionally selective, β-arrestin–biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist that selectively activates β-arrestin recruitment and signaling. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows a binding affinity with a Ki of 79 nM for D2R. UNC9994 hydrochloride is also an antagonist of Gi-regulated cAMP production and partial agonist for D2R/β-arrestin-2 interactions. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows antipsychotic-like activity.
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Milenperone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-121898CAS No.: 59831-64-0Milenperone (R 34009) is a dopamine atagonist. Milenperone can be used in the study for neurological disease.
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Talipexole dihydrochloride (Standard)
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Propionylpromazine (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111480RCAS No.: 3568-24-9Propionylpromazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propionylpromazine (HY-111480). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propionylpromazine is a dopamine receptor DRD2 antagonist. Propionylpromazine also is an effective tranquillizer. Propionylpromazine can be used in veterinary studies.
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4-EEC hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-158552CAS No.: 2446466-62-04-EEC hydrochloride is a synthetic stimulant substance. 4-EEC hydrochloride is a releasing agent for norepinephrine-dopamine.
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Thiethylperazine (Standard)
0 ImagesThiethylperazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiethylperazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiethylperazine, a phenothiazine derivate, is an orally active and potent dopamine D2-receptor and histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Thiethylperazine is also a selective ABCC1activator that reduces amyloid-β (Aβ) load in mice. Thiethylperazine has anti-emetic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial effects.
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Paliperidone palmitate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: 9-Hydroxyrisperidone palmitate (Standard)Paliperidone palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paliperidone palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paliperidone palmitate is an orally effective competitive antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptors that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Paliperidone palmitate competitively inhibits the effects of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine by binding to dopamine D2 receptors and 5-HT2A receptors, regulating the balance of the neurotransmitter system and thus exerting antipsychotic activity. Paliperidone palmitate is mainly used in the research field of schizophrenia.
